Showing posts with label Higher Education. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Higher Education. Show all posts

Monday, June 16, 2025

Book Review: Literacy in America

 (Crossposted from The Itinerant Librarian) 


Lawrence R. Samuel, Literacy in America: a cultural history of the past century. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2024.  ISBN: 9781538189542.

Genre: literacy, reading
Subgenre: history, education
Format: hardcover
Source: Hutchins Library, Berea College 

This book presents a history of literacy in the United States over the last century. Literacy here refers to learning how to read and the ability to read. This is not a book about what Americans may or not have been reading.

The book makes some good points, but it is a seriously slow read, and it is pretty much a dry textbook. Sure, it considers how literacy is a contested ground for race, gender, and class, and those are important topics. However, the important ideas get buried in the constant citing of scholarly articles, trade publications, and other academic sources. To be honest, the book reads like a student research paper where the student, instead of being selective in what sources to cite to support their claims, just cited everything they found to fill up the page quota. Whatever voice the author has gets lots in citation after citation of this scholar in a journal article or that teacher in an education magazine.  

This is what the author intended with the book: 

"Supported by hundreds of research studies conducted throughout the years as reported in scholarly journals and popular magazines, the book intends to make a contribution to the histories of education, language, and literature, sociology, and the United States as a whole" (vii). 

Oh, he lays those research studies and periodical articles pretty thick. As for the contribution statement, that is an ambitious declaration.

I was honestly hoping this would be more interesting, but it was not. One detail I will mention is that history often repeats itself. Some of the concerns today on whether kids can read or not are pretty much the same as concerns back in the day. Every time a new technology comes along, be it radio, television, or the internet educators freak out about kids abandoning reading. For the most part, the kids are still reading, even if it is not the "classics," but that is another conversation. 

For example, back in the 1920s aand 1930s, pearls were clutched because kids were not reading classics or wholesome books: 

"Students tendency to choose less than hearty literary fare was just one problem associated with literacy in the 1920s and 1930s" (1). 

Gee, the generation coming out of the Great War (World War I) and its horrors wants to read light, fluffy, escapist fare. The humanity! I would say not unlike today with readers seeking light, fluffy, escapist fare to forget the Hard Times for a while. 

Overall I would say this book was just OK. For libraries, this is highly optional. If I had been able to read a review copy beforehand, I would not have ordered it for our library. This may be one for larger academic libraries with comprehensive collections in education and maybe some large library school libraries. Small academic libraries can pretty much skip this. 

2 out of 5 stars. 




Monday, April 07, 2025

Book Review: Information Literacy and Social Media

 (Crossposted from The Itinerant Librarian)

 

Michele Santamaria and A. Nicole Pfannenstiel,  Information literacy and soci@l medi@ : empowered student engagement with the ACRL framework. Chicago, IL: ACRL, 2024.  ISBN: 9798892555456.

Genre: library science
Subgenre: Information literacy, social media, higher education
Format: trade paperback
Source: Hutchins Library, Berea College

 

I ordered this book for our library with high hopes, but in the end I was not really impressed. In addition, I do not think the $50.00 price was worth it for this very slim volume. 

As many of these LIS books, and articles as well, often do, this one starts with the common alarmist tone that most librarians are barely competent, mostly technology illiterate, and are clueless about the tech young ones today use. That could not be further from the truth, but I've read enough LIS books and articles to keep seeing that trope. Naturally, the authors are cool, hip, and knowledgeable and bring you their knowledge. The book shows a bit of the messianic tone some parts of librarianship embrace. 

Once you get past the opening we get a lot of LIS theory, reminders, and connections to the ACRL Framework, and arguments for bringing it and information literacy to social media. Some of the authors' points are valid, and others feel a little forced. In the end, the second chapter is a heavy literature review that is a bit of a slog to read. 

The one useful element of Chapter 2 are the reflection questions for teachers and/or library instructors. Taking the time to answer the questions, do some writing and journaling, can be a good preparation for teachers. It can also just be a good reflection exercise. I probably should take some time and do some of the writing. I have done some writing on my social media experiences, but I can always explore and reflect some more. 

The strength of the book is in Chapter 3 where you get the lesson plans and exercises. The plans are cross-disciplinary. The plans are detailed and well-structure. Activities are interactive and encourage students and their instructors to reflect on their experiences of social media and information literacy. Whether we like it or not, and there is a lot to dislike about social media, it is a big part of our students' lives and we should do better in educating them on how to navigate, use it, and evaluate better. This is where the lessons help. 

Every chapter includes a list of notes, and there is also a bibliography at end of the book for further reading or just to check the references. 

Overall, the good part is in the lesson plans. The rest of the theory could have been summarized better and/or kept brief. I do not think the contents justify the book's high cost. I'd say if you must read it to borrow it, scan the lesson plans, skip the rest. Still, I may try to implement a plan or two from the book down the road. Our students spend some time on social media, though from what I see it's not too connected to news and information. It is more for interpersonal connections, but that could be a topic to investigate down further. 

Overall, I liked the idea of the book. I did not like some of the tone of the book, its execution, nor the pricing. Still, it could've been worse. In the end as a whole it was just OK .

2 out of 5 stars. 

 

Additional reading notes: 

 

Students may push back on social media in the classroom: 

"Students bring with them the idea that social media should be reserved for non-academic purposes, an idea reinforced through schooling, teachers, and responsible use policies" (11).  

I somewhat agree with the students. Heck, I remember the days of early social media where librarians were given all kinds of warnings about not mixing work and personal online and where the wrong social media post could get you fired. Librarians on social media now are mostly normalized, but it is still wise at least to keep the professional and personal  somewhat separated. I say that based on experience, but I do admit it is easier said than done to keep the two aspects separate online. Note that while the authors acknowledge the negatives and dangers of social media, they downplay them somewhat to make their argument. I am not saying to completely disengage from social media, though complete disengagement should be an option if desired, especially in the current Hard Times. 


The list of reflection questions for teachers and librarians, starting in page 17 of the book: 

  • What social media platforms do I currently use? What do I use them for?
  • What do I believe to be true about the social media platforms I am familiar with (such as Facebook, Instagram, Tik Tok, X, and Pinterest?).
  • What negative ideas about these spaces do I need to question and complicate/unravel so I can support learner engagement? 
  • What positive ideas about these spaces do I need to question and complicate/unravel so I can support learner engagement? 
  • What more would I like to know about these spaces to use them more effectively?

 

The list of classroom space reflection questions, to consider as you use the lesson plans here or for other social media activities, from page 48 of the book: 

  • How collaborative is the instructional relationship? 
  • How many sessions do you anticipate working on this threshold concept?
  • Will the librarian be embedded in the course?
  • Will the librarian provide ongoing social media and/or learning management system support to students?
  • Does the library have library-specific content available within social media sites that can model social media use in support of learning?
  • Does the library have social media accounts used to foster interaction between students and librarians?
  • What will librarian instructor presence be like, on and offline?

 

Monday, October 28, 2024

Book Review: Verified

 (Crossposted from The Itinerant Librarian)

Mike Caulfield and Samuel S. Wineburg, Verified: How to think straight, get duped less, and make better decisions about what to believe online. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2023. ISBN: 9780226822068.

Genre: reference
Subgenre: information literacy, internet, research
Format: trade paperback
Source: Hutchins Library, Berea College

 

This book is an essential guide everyone using the internet needs to have handy. This book teaches how to be skeptical of what you see online and how to evaluate it. In these Hard Times where the internet and social media are full of scams, click bait, rage bait, and all sorts of assorted bullshit, this book gives you the tools to separate the crap from the few good things that remain. This guide can help you navigate the enshittified internet. 

The book is arranged as follows: 

  • Introduction.
  • Chapter 1: Get quick context.
  • Chapter 2: Cheap signals. 
  • Chapter 3: Google.
  • Chapter 4: Lateral reading. 
  • Chapter 5: Reading the room.
  • Chapter 6: Show me the evidence. 
  • Chapter 7: Wikipedia.
  • Chapter 8: Video games. No, it is not about games. This is more about how videos are used to deceive. 
  • Chapter 9: Stealth advertising. 
  • Chapter 10: Once more with feeling. 
  • Chapter 11: Conclusion. 
  • Postscript, which briefly covers large language models, so-called AI, and verification.
  • Notes and bibliography. 

Caulfield, one of the two coauthors, created the SIFT method (Stop, Investigate, Find other coverage, Trace the claim). Along with Wineburg, they basically give you a full course on how to evaluate what you see online so you can be empowered and act accordingly. The authors take you through the process step by step. These are skill you can learn with relative ease, and you develop the critical habits taught in the book you'll be able to better navigate the internet. A strength of their lessons is that often they do not take a lot of time. That is because you learn to assess quickly. If you decide to pursue a topic further, the authors show you how to do so. If you assess and decide something is not valid, relevant, or just not worth your energy, you can swiftly move on. Being efficient is a key element here. 

The book is relatively easy to read. Each chapter gives you practical examples and then they explain how to best handle each situation. You then learn the overall lesson so you can apply it when you go online. Chapters also include various tips and pieces of advice. Every chapter ends with a list of takeaways summarizing what you are learning. 

By now I am sure many academic librarians apply the lessons from the book in library instruction. We've done some some of it, but we will be working on adding more formal elements from the book in our instruction sessions. However, you do not have to be in an academic setting. This accessible book works for anyone wanting to learn how to find reliable information, evaluate it, and avoid the rest of the crap out there. In a time when Google largely has gone to shit, this book gives you steps and advice for making some good from Google. You learn how to do lateral reading like fact checkers do, and Wikipedia can be your ally, contrary to what some old time educators may claim. Learn that and more reading this book, then keep it handy for when you need a reminder now and again. 

This book is essential for all libraries. Librarians who have not ready it need to read it and then promote it to their patrons. The book can be beneficial for students in composition classes that require research. It may also be of interest to journalism students, journalists, and other writers who do or should be doing research. I recommend it fully, and I would buy a copy for my personal shelf. 

5 out of 5 stars. 

Additional reading notes: 

What this book can help you with: 

"Instead of being driven by emotion and outrage, you'll come to see your gut reactions as precious gifts that signal you to pause, take a breath, and ask a basic question: Is what I am looking at even what I think it is?" (3) 

 

Google is a search engine, not a truth engine:

"Google is not a dispassionate partner in information seeking who diligently corrects you when you've taken a wrong turn. Google is out to please, trying to determine what you want-- even if doing so means giving you a dubious answer but one you want to hear" (78). 

 And with its high commercialization, predominant advertising model, and now integrating LLM and AI features, it's gotten worse in terms of finding what you actually need. 


Need to beware expertise cynicism: 

"In authoritarian regimes, creating a broad cynicism about all sources of expertise-- the press, academics, professionals-- serves to make sure political power, not truth-seeking, is the ultimate arbiter of what is true" (109). 


This book qualifies for the following 2024 Reading Challenges: 




Monday, September 23, 2024

Book Review: The College Student's Research Companion

(Crossposted from The Itinerant Librarian)

Arlene Rodda Quaratiello, The College Student's Research Companion: Finding, Evaluating, and Citing the Resources You Need to Succeed. Chicago: ALA Neal-Schuman, 2024. ISBN: 9780838938386.

Genre: academic writing and research
Subgenre: reference, guides
Format: paperback
Source: Hutchins Library, Berea College 

 

This is basically a research guide to academic research for undergraduate students. In the preface, the author argues what many of us librarians argue: "to write better research papers, you must go beyond the basics of googling your topic and learn how to use the wealth of other resources available to you" (ix). That argument sounds great in theory, but in my many years as a librarian and teacher, I am concerned many students still do the superficial path of googling and hoping to find something just good enough. They also hope they can get it past their professors. The issue of students finding materials just "good enough" to pass and the faculty who may let them pass is a question I ponder here or there, but it is not something to consider now. I will just say I am not too optimistic. 

The book takes students through the research process from selecting a topic, finding and evaluating resources, and then how to use the sources ethically. Each chapter includes review questions to reinforce learning. The book also includes appendices with extra information like classification lists and citation style. 

The book is relatively an easy read, and the author keeps a light humor at times to keep things accessible. Comparisons and analogies to illustrate ideas are plentiful. Explanations are clear and straightforward. This can be a good resource for undergraduates to learn about research. It is not a substitute for library instruction, but it can supplement it. I can see some undergraduate writing class adding this to their textbook list. It's a pretty good guide with some good advice. 

However, the book suffers the issue of so many LIS texts: it falls out of currency as it is published. This edition has a 2024 publishing date, but the material was likely  written in 2023, maybe 2022. That is just the academic publishing cycle. The point here is the book has no mention of AI (artificial intelligence) and/or LLMs (Language Learning Models) that are becoming the latest issue in information literacy and academia at the time I am writing this. I have a 7th edition is already in the works. Still, the book covers the basics well, but you may want to consider whether to get this edition and add supplementary material as needed or wait for a later edition. At this moment I am good with this edition. 

This book is a good option for academic libraries to have a copy on hand, maybe on their ready reference shelf (if they still have a ready reference shelf). We bought a copy at my library, and it is a circulating copy. We'll see over time if it circulates or not. I'll make a small promotional post on the library blog later on. For now, I like this book overall. It has a good presentation of academic research skills for undergraduates. 

4 out of 5 stars. 



Monday, August 12, 2024

Article Note: On adapting the Project Outcome model in libraries

 This article looks at Project Outcome, a toolkit designed for public libraries to assess the impact of their programs and services. It is a collection of short patron-focused surveys. Idea is to measure things that public libraries have in common, and it then allows for comparisons between libraries. Soon, academic librarians decided they wanted in on this, and ACRL (Association of College and Research Libraries) partnered with PLA (Public Library Association) to create a version for academic libraries. Part of why I am reading this now is that our library is working to adapt it as we move to a more simplified way to assess our library services, in particular reference and instruction services. Survey options include immediate surveys designed to be done after a service and follow-up surveys to be done some time after a program. For us here at the moment, we are interested in doing immediate surveys. In my unit, this would be post-library instruction surveys of students in a class.

Some notes from the article: 

What this paper does: 

"This paper describes the task force's work to establish standard learning outcome measures for academic libraries, initial field-testing results, and how Project Outcome can create opportunities for growth and change" (1) . 


What the outcomes are based on: 

"These key outcomes are based on social theory that performance is more adequately measured when capturing the outcomes of knowledge, attitude, and behavior change (Schrader and Lawless 2004)" (2). 


The Project's definition of outcome: 

"Project Outcome has defined an outcome as: 'a specific benefit a patron receives from a library program or service. They can be quantitative or qualitative and are expressed as changes that individuals perceive in themselves'" (5).

The focus of the Project Outcome tools is "on generating useful actionable new knowledge (practical, local, applied, 'good enough') for improvement. . . "(6). 

Article includes table with activities, some suggestions for use, and sample survey questions. 

 Concerns, from their key findings from field-testing:

"Interest or need for assessment does not always translate into practice. Both survey fatigue and lack of time (users' or librarians') can make librarians reluctant to administer surveys, even if the results may be useful" (13).

Our campus is notorious for survey excess (I am sure we are not the only campus, but surveying is pretty heavy here), and survey fatigue among students is a significant issue that is rarely acknowledged as yet another survey goes out from some campus unit. In our case, by doing small surveys at the end of class sessions we hope to get better response and catch the students on the spot so to speak. We hope it will be easier to collect meaningful data to help us keep improving and growing our programs, as well as appease the higher ups.  

Citation for the article: 

Ackermann, Eric, Sara Goek, and Emily Plagman, "Outcome Measurement in Academic Libraries: Adapting the Project Outcome Model." Library Assessment Conference, 2018 (link to PDF document). 



Monday, June 03, 2024

Article Note: on Chat GPT and academic librarians

This short article out of C&RL News is mostly a very flattering paean of LLM's (large language models) and ChatGPT (one of those LLM's). The authors basically envision ways the tool will displace some workers for an AI (artificial intelligence) assisted future. To be honest, a good amount of this has echoes from the days of Library 2.0 and the hype that went along with it. As I read the piece, I found myself writing small comments and questions in the margins. At times I wondered if the authors had read or seen various news on ChatGPT and AI that are not exactly worshiping the models. 

Here are then some highlights that caught my eye: 

ChatGPT is a...

"...tool that uses deep learning techniques to generate text in response to questions posed to it. It can generate essays, email, song lyrics, recipes, computer code, webpages, even games and medical diagnoses" (99). 

It can also generate, to put it bluntly, a lot of bullshit and right out make up stuff (CNN; AP). 

Also, 

"...ChatGPT has been trained on a large corpus of text, including news articles, books, websites, academic articles, and other sources." (99).

Yes, and a lot of it is outright stolen from creators and/or scraped from the web without any form of compensation or attribution. In fact, some news organizations are suing due to what they see is content theft from the AI companies (via CBS News).  See also this piece out of Futurism on a guy basically stealing content and using AI to "repackage" it to sell. 

One detail from the article that also caught my eye is an optimism that seems to have little regard for any ethical concerns, a somewhat naive assumption that everyone involved will be honest. Keep in mind that very often plagiarism is a concern of faculty in academia. In earlier days, they might ask a librarian for assistance, then they turned to Google, and now they rely on tools like Turnitin (another tool that comes with its own ethical issues, but let's not digress further), and next it is AI. Somehow using a tool that basically steals content to check if content is stolen does not feel right, to this librarian at least. 

The authors do mention plagiarism, but then ask, gee, is a student turning in work done with ChatGPT really plagiarizing? (101). I'd say yes they are, and I say it both as a librarian and a former writing teacher, but the authors use a loophole: since plagiarism is defined as "presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own" and ChatGPT is not a someone, well, you get the idea. That is a nice loophole if you can get away with it.

As for librarian roles, a lot of it according to the article will be basically working as "prompt engineers" to "assist researchers by providing tips in asking the right questions to get the best results" (100). Uh huh. At least we may have some job security teaching faculty, and especially students (we all know faculty are not exactly known for wanting to be taught anything, but I digress), how to tell if some text or piece of art is real or AI generated. That will not be an easy task. 

Authors also mention that researchers may have concerns AI could seep into academic writing. Well, it is already happening as researchers are getting caught passing ChatGPT generated essays as their own for publication (via Futurism, but a small search will yield a few other stories).  

I could go, but I am stopping here because I just do not share the rose colored vision the authors of the article appear to have. At any rate, as I was reading this mercifully short article, other thoughts came to mind. Below then are some links that may not be as rosy in their view of ChatGPT and AI that I read recently as of this post. 

Citation for the article noted: 

Christopher Cox and Elias Tzoc, "ChatGPT: Implications for Academic Libraries." C&RL News, March 2023: 99-102.


 The additional links to consider against the whoopee of the original article in addition to the links I included in my comments above:


 

Monday, May 20, 2024

Article Note: On using library chat reference to answer campus questions

This article caught my eye initially because I do not recall people using our library chat reference much to answer campus specific questions. I would have to dig into our local statistics to be more certain, but at least from what I have observed in our chat reference service questions related to the campus are minimal. A good question for us to explore down the road may be where are people going then to get campus-specific answers, but that is another story for now. 

This article's goal is to investigate how academic libraries not only provide academic assistance but whether they are seen as an option to provide information on their campuses. In their opening, the authors remind us how chat reference services in libraries picked up during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our virtual services certainly picked up during the pandemic's prime time days. 

Authors establish topic relevance for the article by connecting the growth of chat services to the need of libraries to prove their value to stakeholders, in this case campus administrators. That is certainly one of the reason we and other libraries are always collecting a variety of service statistics; we have to justify our existence to the bean counters. For example, we collect data on things such as number of research consults and library instruction sessions. One of the places that data ends up is on the campus fact book, which is available online on the campus website. So in a way an ulterior motive for this article is to show a library's value to its campus community.

The significance of this study is that, unlike previous studies of reference chat services in libraries, none up to now has focused on whether a reference chat service answers campus related questions that are not related to the library. 

Some highlights from the article: 

  • Method: Analysis of chat transcripts from 5 large four-year public universities during the 2-year period of 2019 to 2021. The choice of campuses "were selected based on only the affiliations of the collaborating authors and do not necessarily reflect a representative sample" (15). To be honest, that is a small sample, but that is somewhat consistent with this type of LIS article.
  • What they found: "This study found that non-library campus questions, on average, accounted for 2.44% of library chat questions, a relatively small proportion of all library chats" (12). At this low percent, I would not call this "filling a gap." Again, I do wonder where are patrons and others going for that information. 
  • A curious to me finding is that this kind of information from reference chat may be "a more significant resources for less privileged student populations" (12). Not sure at this point what to make of that. 
  • They did notice that reference chat often gets IT-related questions. A possible reason could be "their I.T. department may have insufficient hours of staffing" (13). I can testify to this a bit since our I.T. department is fairly notorious for their insufficient hours of staffing. I'd call them bankers' hours except bankers these days actually open late and on weekends. 
  • Call for further research: "Further research building on this study could examine the prevalence of campus-related questions at physical service points in the library and compare this to chat" (15). They also suggest doing some comparisons with private institutions. 
  • One good thing of analyzing chat reference transcripts: "...these transcripts provide a unique opportunity to identify areas where students are in need of additional information and support. The data can help identify offices and services on campus with which library chat operators should be most familiar and prepared to address in chat inquiries" (16). 

Article citation: Erin Owens, et.al., "Beyond the Library: the Role of Academic Libraries' Chat Reference in Answering Campus Questions." The Reference Librarian (April 2024): 1-24. 

I got this one via Interlibrary Loan.



Monday, August 29, 2022

Article Note: A Bit More on Librarian Sabbaticals

This article was cited in the previous article I read about factors that contribute to librarian turnover. Sabbaticals were discussed a bit in that article. I was able to get a hold of this article, so I figured I would read it too. I will disclose up front that librarians in my small college do qualify for sabbaticals, though there are issues with that I will mention as I comment on this article. 

This article looks at academic librarian participation in sabbaticals. The research was based mainly on a survey sent to library directors that included some open-ended questions; answers to those open-ended questions are discussed in the article. A significant part of the argument for librarians taking sabbatical if they are able is that the experience can provide some respite and refreshing for the librarians. To be honest, for me at least, besides not being able to take a sabbatical (a full one that is), a sabbatical would not be the respite and/or break from the daily grind writes like the author make it out to be. It would just be taking time off to do more work, different work, but still a lot of work, then write reports about it when I get back while catching up on the work I was not able to do while I was gone on said sabbatical. That is not less stress. That sounds like more stress, and I can do without that. 
 
Some takeaways from the article: 

  • A 2001 study by Gaskell and Morril, which this article's author relies on quite a bit, found that a bit over half of the academic institutions the researchers surveyed offered sabbatical to academic librarians; however, only the most "avid" librarians applied for the programs (153). 
    • I can't imagine why more librarians would not apply. I will disclose also that prior to my current job, I never had sabbaticals as an option, so personally I fail to see the big deal. 
  • Author points out that literature related to sabbaticals in academia is small, even smaller when it deals with academic librarians. This literature tends to be either personal narratives or descriptive and informative review articles. In other words, the kind of LIS articles that may get written because someone needs to get tenure, but are not persuasive to administrators. In fact, the author mentions this: "Regrettably, this kind of writing is simply not likely to convince those college administrators, 'who really have not plans or expectations for the library except the hope that it will stay withing the allocated budget and that the faculty and the students...will not complain too strenuously about it'" (154). 
    • Then there are administrators who would love to cut the library budget even more (or entirely if they could get away with it), but that is another story. 
  • The author discloses: "It is now time to acknowledge that this author is one of the fortunate few within the library profession to currently be enjoying a year-long sabbatical. Yet, my own experience also demonstrates that such 'acceptance into full faculty collegiality is not generally extended'" (154). 
    • Must be nice and duh! Further, the author describes their institution: "Our leadership is strong and the staff highly skilled and service-oriented. We work with an exceptional teaching faculty, a reasonably engaged student body and the librarians at my institution look forward to lengthy, fulfilling careers" (154). To be honest, the author's description of their institution does have echoes of Lake Wobegon.
    • Author goes on to write after that disclosure about a colleague who had a sabbatical project rejected, a project that was related to the library and its work (I guess it was not deemed academic enough). Not exactly a supportive administration there, but not surprising. For me, that is another reason I do not bother applying for sabbatical: I honestly do not think based on local conditions that I can get the upper ups to approve anything I would care enough about to work on during a sabbatical. 
  • Adding to my comment above, this finding from the article is not encouraging: "The following respondent's comment was representative, 'there is no specific prohibition against it, but it is unclear if a request for a sabbatical would be approved by the faculty committee or college administration.' Other participants noted that sabbatical leaves could be provided 'on (the) whim' or 'at the discretion' of administrative personnel outside of the library" (155).
     
  • Key question from the article author: "...librarians do suffer job-dissatisfaction and burnout. Shouldn't we be making a more determined effort to get out a bit more?" (154). 
    • Yes, and it's called taking a vacation, not a sabbatical. 
  • Barely 50% of respondents said that sabbatical offerings from librarians were equivalent to what "real" faculty get. The article goes on to state that "a number of respondents report that librarians at their institutions receive sabbaticals that are significantly shorter in duration than those of their teaching faculty colleagues" (158). This also brings up an issue of equity.
    • I can assure you we would be one of those places where the sabbatical offering for librarians is not equivalent to what the "real" faculty get. Our situation here is very much like situations reported in the article where "another person who also noted that at his/her institution librarian leaves needed to 'coincide with summer, whereas faculty can go for half or full years. . .'" (158). 
  • "And yet, the issues described by survey participants in this study are hardly new or earth-shattering" (160).
    • And yet this article got written and published. 

 

Citation for the article: 

Molly R. Flaspohler, "Librarian Sabbatical Leaves: Do We Need to Get Out More?" The Journal of Academic Librarianship 35.2 (March 2009): 152-161.  


Monday, August 22, 2022

Article Note: On Factors That Contribute to Academic Librarian Turnover

As I started to read this article, I recalled my days in library school. Early on in the program one of the assignments in a library management class I was taking was to interview a library manager/supervisor. So I went back to my previous graduate school and interviewed their head of the reference department at the time. They told me, among various insights, that turnover in her unit was part of the trade as other librarians would move up to promotions elsewhere. She tried to make an environment to make sure her librarians and workers did well at their job so they could succeed wherever they ended up. I admit that at the time, and even now, I have some mixed feelings about that. 

This article looks at reasons librarians gave for leaving one academic institution for another within a five-year period. I will mention upfront that I would've fallen within the changing jobs in 5 to 7 years, though for me it was not just in libraries. But that is another story. 

Some takeaways from the article, with a bit of my commentary: 

  • "Library managers and their supervisors do not benefit from new librarians every two years as much as they benefit from librarians that believe in their institution and stay with it" (Cottrell, qtd. in 579).
    • And yet, more often than not library managers are on the lookout for the next library messiahs and young librarians versed in the latest "flash." See also the phenomenon of "new-hire messianism" identified by the Library Loon back in 2011. Some things have not changed over time. By the way, finding that 2011 link took some doing on the search engine. Part of it I am sure is because as library blogs age, and are mostly forgotten except by a few of us, content like the Library Loon's gets buried deeper in the web.
  • Purpose of the article is to "examine the contributing factors to academic librarian turnover and begin a conversation about retaining 21st century library professionals" (580). 
  • The study defined academic librarians as "any professional holding a Master's degree in Library Science and currently working in an academic setting" (582). To be included in the survey, "participants had to be currently employed as an academic librarian within the United States and have voluntarily left an academic librarian position within the last five years" (582). 
  • The survey ended up with 275 participants who completed the survey and met the criteria to be included. 
  • Note that most of the participants worked and/or work at large public universities of 20K+ students.
  • A study by M. Becher, quoted in the article, found that "among librarians with faculty status, tenured librarians have the highest levels of job satisfaction. Meanwhile, non-tenured librarians reported lower overall job satisfaction, particularly among those not on the tenure-track but who work alongside tenure track librarians" (qtd. in 581). 
    • I would buck this trend given my low regard for tenure and librarianship. A couple of my colleagues here would likely buck the trend as well, but I will note no one was asking me. 
  • "In recent years, the concept of job burnout has become more prevalent in the library literature. One of the primary causes of burnout is work overload" (581). 
    • Gee, can't imagine why. 
  • "Quantitative data showed that participants were most dissatisfied with the morale in the library" (585). Again, I can't imagine why. Keep in mind this article came out in 2020, which means the research was done in 2019 or so, i.e. mostly before the COVID-19 pandemic hit. If morale in libraries was low then, it took another major hit during the pandemic. Issues that respondents identified related to morale included ineffective library management (things like micromanaging, poor decisions, unethical behavior), campus administration issues (such as poor leadership), and lack of growth opportunities (585). 
  • Toxic and dysfunctional library culture and environment was also identified as a morale issue, though to be honest, it did not score as high as I would have expected. Still, I would say the old adage is applicable: people don't quit jobs. They quite bad managers and supervisors. Turns out a bit later in the article, the authors mention this too: "Results from the study indicate that employees are not fleeing their positions, they are fleeing work environments they feel are toxic" (591). Way I see it this kind of finding should be an indictment of how some libraries are run and the shameful fact that a good amount of toxic library supervisors and directors are not only tolerated but even rewarded. But do not take my word for it. Read on.
  • "Low morale (M=3.17, SD- 1.01) was the area of highest dissatisfaction and was often tied to library leadership and culture within the open-ended responses. Direct supervisors were a frequently cited source of conflict due to bullying, neglect, or biased behavior. These behaviors were exhibited by the supervisors themselves, but also between colleagues and departments" (591). Good thing they did not ask me because I could have shared a horror story or two about workplace bullying and spineless administrators.
  • An interesting to me finding: "This means that academic librarians who previously worked at smaller institutions (in terms of enrollment) were more dissatisfied with aspects related to their job duties and compensation and benefits than academic librarians who worked at larger institutions" (590). 
    • In my experience, and I emphasize it is my experience, I have been more satisfied working in a smaller campus. There are reasons for that, and I probably should write about that some day. 
  • Another interesting to me finding: "In the open-ended portion of the survey, participants reported that being classified as staff meant having less conference and travel funding and feeling less respected by colleagues within the university" (592). 
    • To which I ask if they feel more respected if they have tenure. Because from experience in more than one campus I have worked in, I can safely tell you that "real" faculty don't give a shit about us librarians being "faculty" too. We are not "real" to them. 
  • And speaking of messianism and librarianship, "other librarians reported that newly hired librarians in instruction or technical services were offered lower salaries than new librarians that worked in digital fields" (593). As if overall inequity issues were not bad enough. 
  • A possible solution in hiring: "honestly during the recruitment phase about the surrounding area in order for candidates to make informed decisions about whether it will be a good fit" (594).
    • Yea, right. On a very anecdotal side notes, some hiring committees locally have reported that "the surrounding area" (i.e. the state) has created some difficulties in attracting quality candidates to come work here. Catch is that much like libraries can't control local weather (and yes, in some cases, unhappiness with weather was a reason for a departure), they can't really control if their locale is less than desirable (for whatever reasons, including the political climate for instance). 
  • "As reflected in burnout literature, librarians exceed what is considered a typical work week to fit in their service and scholarship elements on top of their work tasks" (594). 
    • And with little to no appreciation (let alone compensation) I will add. On a positive for me, I am glad I am not on a tenure line, which means I do not have to worry about "scholarship" requirements that would be more of a distraction to me doing my actual work. 
  • And yet another of those gee I wonder why findings: The authors mention that "while about half of academic librarians are eligible for sabbatical, less than a third take advantage of the privilege" (594). 
    • Where do I even start with that one. One reason may be the workloads we often have combined with an inability to realistically take time off. I happen to have the so-called privilege of sabbatical, but when it came up for me I did not take it. One of the reasons is that, although I get it, I cannot take it in the way a "real" faculty would be able to take it (six months to a year straight through). My duties pretty much prevent this. I am one of the primary library instructors and my duties in a regular semester are quite heavy. This would mean a disruption to the library. Not to mention likelihood of getting a sabbatical replacement for me is fairly low (again, unlike "real" faculty who can likely count on that). Here, the one or two colleagues who took a sabbatical had to split it, and not even a fair split. It was basically two summers (because again, we have to work during the year), so they do not even get a full sabbatical (two summers is not even six months). I am sure there are other reasons those librarians choose not to take their sabbaticals if they even get them. To be honest, from what I gather, an academic librarian getting sabbaticals as a job privilege is rare. I may need to check on that at some point. Having said that, I will note that before I came to my current job, I never had sabbatical as an academic librarian so to be honest to the so-called privilege does not really impress me. 
  • "Retaining employees is especially important because while waves of new employees can bring with them waves of new ideas, longtime employees identify more closely with and have more loyalty to their institution's mission" (Cottrell qtd. in 594). 
    • This becomes a question of hoe much administrators value loyalty to the institution and workplace or not If all they care about is the latest messiah and flash, then turnover might not be as big an issue. It can be the price of doing business, get a nice project going and as long as someone who remains behind can maintain it the originator can leave (or the project falls apart, but by then the next new person brings along the next new thing, and repeat the cycle). 
  • "Retention strategies should begin at the start of a librarian's time at an institution, not when they are already thinking about leaving" (595). 
    • Duh. I can assure you that no one really thought of this in places I was hired previously, and if we are being honest, I do not think they gave it that much thought at my current workplace. 
  • "Recruiting and retaining librarians of color is particularly problematic in environments that do not protect employees from racial microaggressions, isolation, invalidations and microinsults..." (596).
    • Again, duh. See also the previous point here about employers being honest or not about ground conditions when they are doing hiring. 
  • The authors note that the study did not consider librarians who left the profession entirely, and that can be a subject for further study.

 

Citation for the article: 

 Christina Heady, et.al., "Contributory Factors to Academic Librarian Turnover: a Mixed-Methods Study." Journal of Library Administration 60.6 (2020): 579-599.  



Monday, August 08, 2022

Article Note: On the experience of uniqueness and difference for librarians of color

The article argues that due to lack of diversity in the profession, the experiences of librarians of color are often ignored by the white majority. The white majority may be unaware of the challenges their colleagues of color face. Personally, I think at times the majority is fully aware, but they just ignore it, minimize, or make it worse, but the article is much more charitable overall (that is another story for another time). 

Once again, I want to jot down some takeaways from the article I want to remember with some comments of my own. 

  • "The lack of diversity in librarianship is a well-known and well-documented problem" (285). And yet, here we are again with another article discussing that lack of diversity in the profession that is so well-known and well-documented. The article goes to point out further that progress has been slow and that we need more than statistics and calls for action. Again, nothing new here. 
  • What the article aims to do: ". . .articulate with rich detail how a group of librarians of color experience uniqueness and difference in a predominantly white profession" (286). Does it succeed? I would say not quite. Once you get past the literature review and the method, there is just not that much to consider in the discussion. Actual descriptions of what the librarians of color experience are pretty brief. 
  • On participants for the study: "The eight participants included four women and four men who self-identified as African American, Asian, and LatinX, with some multiple identities also offered. Participants were employed in a number of environments including academic research libraries, community college libraries, public libraries, and school libraries. A challenge to the study was some participants' concern that their anonymity would not be protected if demographic detail was provided, due to the small number of librarians of color in the profession" (287-288). So basically they had a sample so small that participants could be easily identifiable, so the authors need to keep things very vague. This is a common concern for librarians of color, including me. It is a big reason I never participate in any campus survey that asks for my demographic information. Once they know my gender, ethnicity, and department, there is NO anonymity for me no matter what they claim. 
  • Big themes to emerge from this limited study is the experience of uniqueness and difference among librarians of color. Another theme they found is that intersectionality can play a role as well, where there are layers of diversity, for example being a librarian of color and male (in a female dominated profession). 
  • Some librarians of color would argue, and I would probably agree, that times our presence contributes to making things inclusive. We do the work just by being there, showing up, doing our work. 
  • Participants felt that being a librarian of color allowed them to better related to library patrons of color. Part of it due to shared experience. I can related to that. 
  • Participants also felt that there are burdens to being a librarian of color such as the expectation of serving in every diversity committee, service job, initiative, etc. a campus creates. I can relate to that too, though I have done my best personally to distance myself from some of that. For good or ill, there are always new faculty on my campus willing to do that to get their service requirements for their tenure line. Note that while I have "faculty" status, I am not "real" faculty nor am I on a tenure track. While I do get roped into committee work now and then, it is not a strict requirement, so when it comes to DEI, I tend to avoid it because, well, I do not wish nor need to be the token guy (but that is another story). Bottom line here, as the article points out, is that the work of librarians of color is often very different than the work of the white colleagues in terms of having to do things like the diversity committee, collection development in some area based on race and/or ethnicity (oh, you are LatinX, and you speak Spanish? you are the new Spanish liaison, for example).
  • "The microaggressions and discrimination experienced by participants reinforce the need for diversity policies, as well as a creation of a culture of support and inclusion" (294). Gee, you think? One thing the article does not consider, and it is probably something for another article, is what happens when one member of a color group does the microaggressions and discrimination towards another member of another color group, say a black person discriminating against an Asian. And yes, that can happen (but so far not something I have seen in the literature. I suppose folks of color have enough problems as is from outside to check on the problems in their houses, but again, that is another story). 
  • From the conclusion: "Some findings of this study may sound all too familiar to librarians of color" (295). Again, you think? 
  • Also from the conclusion: "There is frustration with seeing endless papers about diversity issues and racism in information professions that raise problems but offer little in way of solutions" (295). Kind of like this paper. To be honest, as I mentioned, actual accounts from the librarians of color are very brief and minimal. It does not feel like enough. As for the findings, a lot of this is not really new. 

 Citation for the article: 

Amy VanScoy and Kawanna Bright, "Articulating the Experience of Uniqueness and Difference for Librarians of Color." The Library Quarterly 89.4 (2019): 285-297.

Monday, August 01, 2022

Article Note: On top trends in academic libraries for 2022

The article summarizes and discusses trends in academic librarianship for the previous two years, going back to 2020. This report from Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) seeks to provide a snapshot of what has been going on. I read through this, and I am jotting down a few takeaways and comments from my reading. Keep in mind this is an ACRL report, which means it is mostly looking at R-1 universities and other really big schools. My college would not be on their radar, but I still find some things in the article can be applicable here.
 
  • COVID-19 pretty much dominated the time period. It forced libraries to adapt and offer new online services and/or expand the online services they had already. Locally, we had to significantly expand our online services.* Like other libraries, we did have a lockdown period. 
  • Like many other workplaces and the rest of society, the pandemic exposed the many inequity issues in library employment. The authors write that "inequities between librarians and other library staff were heightened" (244). Locally, well, this would include the already existing inequity issues between the "real" faculty and the "library faculty. 
    • In addition, the authors also write that "low morale continues to be an area of concern in librarianship, particularly for librarians of color, nonlibrarian staff, and members of underrepresented groups" (244). Add other life pressures, and librarians who happen to be on tenure lines are seriously suffering. Personally, I am glad I am not on a tenure line. There are issues that cause me stress, but publish or perish is not one of them.
  • Yes, the pandemic also made us more aware of space and its utilization. Signage, enforcing masking rules (which have been relaxed by now), social distancing, so on, were and are issues. 
    • A side note from the space issue. An investigation the authors cite looked at "pre-COVID, how collaboration spaces are used and found that furniture or spaces intended for multiple people are frequently being used by single individuals" (245). We certainly jumped on the collaboration spaces bandwagon here. I would say we need to investigate here how exactly are collaborative spaces used, to verify if use is consistent with the investigation mentioned or not. 
  • Sharing collections more and more emphasis on open access.  On open access, the authors point out that while there is a lot of talk about OA, librarians being typically in favor, it has not translated into any substantial OA policies. 
  • Apparently artificial intelligence (AI) is a growing trend in academic libraries, but to be honest, that is not something that has appeared on our radar at this point, and as of this writing, it would not be a priority to any degree. For us, it would be a very low concern if at all at this point in time. 
  • Data and data management. At times, administrators speak about it, but so far no one really has presented any ideas or paths to execute or make it meaningful. 
    • Why this can be significant for libraries, including for libraries like ours? "Libraries are taking a greater interest in data visualization as they seek to tell their own story, including assessment, value of the library, collection analysis, and internal capacity building" (249). 
  • Critical librarianship continues to be a trend. 
    • Defined: "For instance, critical librarianship argues that libraries are not neutral and challenges librarians to take steps towards antiracist and aintioppressive practices for the benefit of users but also for the benefit of the profession itself" (249). 
    • This is an area that I admit we need to work on and explore further here. 
    • A key area of this is critical information literacy (CIL). "CIL literature discusses why and how information professionals should ask questions about power dynamics within academia, equal access to information, and the economic incentives around how information and data are created, stored, and used" (249). While we do some of that in our information literacy sessions, it is nowhere near being systematic or consistent. Clearly an area we need to explore. Given where I work, this kind of labor makes sense as well as would go with the overall institutional mission. As I said, needs further investigation at this time. 

On a final note, I did find copies of some items from the article's references list, which I will read and make notes here as I get to them.  

Citation for the article: 2021-2022 ACRL Research Planning and Review Committee, "Top Trends in Academic Libraries: a Review of Trends and Issues." C&RL News, June 2022: 243-256.


* Here is our webpage for COVID-19 online services we set up in 2020 shortly after the initial lockdown. The website has been updated as changes happened over time. 

Monday, July 18, 2022

Article Note: Caring in First Year Library One-Shot Instruction

I picked this up to read in my quest to keep up with the literature in library instruction. Here are some takeaways and notes I want to remember from the article, with a bit of comment. 

  • Author's main argument: "an academic librarian providing one-shot instruction sessions to first-year students is uniquely positioned to enact a feminist ethic of care in the classroom" (96). A key is to think of the session as the start on an open librarian and student relationship.
  • The author further argues that the instruction session is a first impression for first year students and a way to inspire a relationship with the librarian and the library. This is a big reason why here in our library we promote our other services during instruction sessions, especially availability of appointments for research consultations with a librarian. 
  • I'd give this article some bonus points for mentioning bell hooks and her work. To be honest, if you are writing about feminism and education, odds are good you have to bring up bell hooks.
  • Author making reference to O'Keefe: "Studies have shown that a sense of connectedness and feeling cared for can have dramatic impact on student retention rates and ensuring that students perform to the best of their abilities; that sense of connectedness can come from a caring relationship with just one key person in the student's institution" (qtd. in 97). This is also why our librarians strive to demystify academia, make transparent assumptions that professors often take for granted and fail or neglect to explain to students. On a side note, I may need to check the literature for anything on this demystifying process; I am sure there is something out there, yet for us here seems like just something we do. 
    • Citation for the reference: O'Keefe, P. (2013). "A sense of belonging: Improving student retention." College Student Journal, 47 (4): 605-613.
  • Defining feminist pedagogy, from Crabtree, et.al.: "Feminist pedagogy is marked by a desire to break down the classroom hierarchy that traditionally puts the teacher in a position of power over the students, favoring instead an egalitarian community of learners who respect individuals and differences" (97).
    •  Citation for the reference: Crabtree, R.D., Sapp, D.A., and Licona, A.C. (eds.). (2009). Feminist pedagogy: Looking back to move forward. The Johns Hopkins Press. 
  • Though the author argues that our classrooms may be places of radical possibilities, I do have to question that. Just how much "freedom" do we really have given certain faculty demands and other restrictions? 
  • The author highlights that the one-on-one reference consultation is a good fit for a caring relationship to develop. We often find here that we are better able to care for and help our students in consultations. In addition, the feedback from post consultation surveys we do as part of our assessment process tend to be positive. 
  • A tip: "It is important to show availability outside the classroom for a future encounter" (100). We certainly do this. I even keep late hours for consultations. 
  • The author probably needs to work on limits and boundaries given that she "gives students her email address and cell number and asks them to email/call/text anytime" (100). I give my students my email address, but that is it. They do not get my cell, and I do not think a librarian should be giving out their personal cell number. Heck, in previous workplaces some of the female librarians had to be concerned about stalking to the point they did not even want their full names on name tags. So no, not giving out my cell. Besides, as much as my current employer loves the idea of 24/7 availability, reality is workers including me do have lives outside of work that do not include our students. Healthy boundaries need to be enforced. Besides, there is no reference question that would require an emergency call at 3am for instance. 
  • A big part of the reason I choose to work in a small college: "What if our first-year students came to the library for the first time and discovered there a librarian who knew their names, was interested in their research assignment and its relation to their lives, reflected carefully and responded to their expressed needs, was knowledgeable and credible, indicated wide availability outside of the library session, and sought further and deeper relationships with them as individuals?" (101-102). That is basically a lot of what my colleagues and I do here. The small college setting does make it a bit easier. 
  • To be honest, a lot of this material is not so much "feminist" caring. It is just plain caring, making an effort to know the students. The article could have left out the feminist theory at the start of the article, and this would still work. 

 

Citation for the article: Leah Morin, "The First-Year Library Instruction One-Shot: A Place for Caring." Communications in Information Literacy 15.1 (2021): 95-103. 

Some additional items from the references list I may want to look at: 

Accardi, M.T. (2013). Feminist Pedagogy for Library Instruction. Library Juice Press. 

Kumbier, A., Drabinkski, and M.T. Accardi, (2010). Critical Library Instruction: Theories and Methods. Library Juice Press.  

I already read and reviewed bell hooks book Teaching to Transgress (link to review and reading notes part one and part two).

 

 

 

 

Monday, July 11, 2022

Article Note: On trendspotting and the future in post-pandemic academic libraries

This editorial piece looks at spotting trends for academic libraries in the post-pandemic world. Personally, I do not think we are in a post-pandemic world, but as I often say, I am not a pundit nor do I play one on TV. Anyhow, the last two years have been challenging for us in academic libraries, large or small. We had to improvise, adapt, and overcome in order to serve our students. In our case, we did do quite a bit of work in order to respond and adapt our services to more online settings. Our library did have some structure in place to accomplish this. The college overall had to work at it a bit more mainly because we are a residential campus, but the college did adapt as well. The article's author suggests that these new experiences will continue to shape academia in the post-pandemic world. Do keep in mind that for the most part, as usual in many LIS articles, this one focuses more on larger institutions like ACRL members and its UK counterpart. I am more interested to see if anything can be useful to us here in our more modest and smaller setting.
 
Some key quotes, with my comments. 
 
"The pandemic has heightened the importance and significance of being able to operate in a hybrid manner and how libraries deliver services in online environments" (2). 
 
By now, an increase in online learning is a given, and it is more significant in the COVID times. COVID and online learning are here to stay, which should not surprise anyone. 
 
"Brine and Knight (2021) actually discuss the continued increasing cost of digital content, and the impact that the pandemic has had on this issue" (2). 
 
This has been and continues to be a constant, the increasing costs. As I often say these days, this is one of the things I do not need cartomancy for. 
 
On another note, as the article mentions, open access has expanded. However, the work is barely starting. It is nowhere near where it could be or should be. 
 
"By 2020, the ACRL trends around students have become more about 'student wellbeing and mental health,' illustrating that whilst the focus may have changed, the importance of understanding and supporting students has never diminished" (3).

The 2020 report would look at data before the pandemic, Even then wellbeing and mental health were emerging as issues. If anything, the pandemic has made issues of wellness and mental health worse given the higher stress students, along with faculty and staff, face during these Hard Times. As for how higher education has handled it, well, based on observation I'd say inconsistently. 

"Academic librarians will need to manage and curate data more and more, and consequently will need to become more 'data literate'" (5). 

We continue to use data and evidence to guide our decisions, but the point here is that there are and will be more additional data sources to consider. 
 
"Academic libraries continue to lead the way in decolonization and liberation work and initiatives within their institutions, but much still needs to be done to address the unbalanced nature of the academic library workforce and how this reflects on the support and services provided for the users of those libraries" (5). 

Naturally, something had to be said to diversity and inclusion. Given the climate in the U.S. as of this post, I am a bit skeptical about claiming that academic libraries lead the way in the liberation work. Some might, but others are failing at it. Even here I know we do what we can, but there is still work to do.


Citation for the article: Leo Appleton, "Trendspotting-- Looking to the Future in a Post-Pandemic Academic Library Environment." New Review of Academic Leadership, 28.1 (2022): 1-6.


 
 

Monday, May 16, 2022

Article Note: On the question of "genuine" faculty-librarian partnerships

I read this article a while back, and I reread it in order to make this post. I usually print out articles to read so I can make notes as I read. I wrote a lot of notes on this one. Do note that this article came out way before the 2020 pandemic, although at least anecdotally, I can say that not much has changed since then. I am going to highlight a few quotes and make some notes of things I want to remember about this article and for later reference. Given some of the questions and issues I expressed when I read that article about workshop attendance recently, well, I will try not to be too pessimistic, but don't hold your breath on it.

Purpose of the article: 

"The purpose of this paper is to ask, how can librarians and faculty become genuine partners in student learning and move towards the common goal of getting students to think critically?"(80).

That is what I would call a Magnificent Question. 

"In this article, the authors argue that librarians must cease being at the service of faculty. That is, librarian need to declined the aforementioned types of requests, especially they are not in the best interests in students" (81).

An example of an aforementioned faculty request is the often annoying and ill informed request for "the library talk." The authors argue that librarians should say no to requests like these and try to engage the faculty in a more constructive conversation. If you are a librarian, try not to laugh here. I have said the above about saying no to certain requests from faculty a few times. Usually, the result is that my library bosses cringe, and then they say "we can't do that." To which I reply, "why not?" only to get the "because that is not good librarian ethic" or some other variant. Or more often than not librarians fall for one of these old lines:
 
 "But at least I get in front of the students.
I want the professor to know I can be helpful.
It's the students who will suffer if I don't do it.
Even if they get a little out of it, it's worth it.
Students will know that the library is a friendly place" (81).
 
 
 
I used to be comforted by the line of at least the students see me (or us), then I gained experience as I learned that without follow-up or additional services, the students just seeing us is pretty meaningless. As for the students suffering if you do not do it, that was often used by library administrators to guilt librarians into compliance without questioning. But heaven forbid you suggest something different to a stubborn faculty member, and deity help you if they complain to your boss that you won't do the "library talk" (and actually expect the faculty member to put in some effort to teach information literacy to their class). 
 
In a way, as vulgar as it may sound, librarians at times "whore ourselves" out to get some library instruction done. Though to be honest it is worse than that in our profession. The ladies of the night DO negotiate their services and state clearly what they will or not do, and if a client does not like it, no service is provided (but I digress).  When I read this article a while back, this thought came to mind, and as I reflect again on it I do not think things have changed that much. Librarian skills and techniques in library instruction have improved, technology has gotten better, and some things have gotten flashier, but we still get the "library talk" faculty. That remains a constant. 

"Educating a faculty member who is not aware of and not convinced that a different approach will benefit their students, can strike fear in the heart of even veterans of instruction. Furthermore, responding different than your colleagues could violate a set of accepted norms within a group of librarians at a university, which creates a problematic situation for librarians who are newer to the profession" (82). 

I recall earlier in my career a time in my career (before I came to my current workplace) where I suggested to other librarians that faculty needed to be educated. The other librarians pretty much looked at me like I was delusional, like "shut up, don't rock the boat." I have moved on since then, and I still do believe faculty DO need to be educated on how we can partner genuinely for student success. It is hard work, and it is often one faculty member at a time. If fortune favors you, that one faculty member can help you persuade and educate their peers. It is a given faculty members are a bit more open to listening to their colleagues. By the way, as I am reading the article and reflecting a bit, it is like the authors at times were reading my mind and they are saying things that do need to be said. 
 
Also, as the authors state, if we keep doing the bad requests, like the "library tour," it just encourages the faculty to keep making those bad requests. The challenge here is to find advocates for the librarians, say a supportive library administrator or again, a friendly faculty member who does see the value in a collaborative and genuine relationship and can speak to others on your behalf. What I have learned over time is that to make things work you have to build relationships, again, often one faculty member at a time. In previous workplaces, often those relationships began with adjunct faculty who tended to be more receptive to collaborations. While adjuncts are on the low end of the faculty pecking order, they often teach the essential gateway classes, and some of them do have relationships with the tenure line faculty, so there was another entry for building relationships with other faculty. To be honest, relationship building is another those things not taught in library school, or not taught very well at all if it is ever taught. I know I had to learn a lot of it by trial and error. 

The authors suggest that a way to change things is to change the conversation. For example, they suggest educating faculty on topics like "research assignments that work." Some of the points the authors reinforced include: 

"Students do not understand when you say 'do not use the internet.' Librarians see this time and again in the assignments of students who come in for help. Students think that this means they cannot use databases or the catalog to access the appropriate resources for their paper; while we understand that faculty want their students to use tools beyond Google tm. Faculty need to be clear in the requirements for sources" (84). 

To be honest, the "can't use the internet" has decreased dramatically since this article was published. We do not get much of that anymore, though once in a while you get the one old timer professor saying it, but it has become rare. What we do get, especially here, is the "you can't use reference books." For many faculty here, a reference book is not an option. We do teach students here how to use reference books as part of the research process, and if the faculty member does not relent, we just work around it. We get the students to use the reference book to get started on a topic, get some background, some keywords to use for later searching, and some basic citations for further reading, and we advise them not to cite the reference book in the paper. In other words, use a reference work as a tool to support your research, just not as one of your sources in the assignment. Same goes for Wikipedia, which is another thing professors forbid without thinking, but as the authors point out for Wikipedia, students can be more savvy about how to use it than faculty give them credit for. 

This next point reminds me of a recent research consult I had with a student. 

"Be explicit in your expectations. . . .Librarians may understand why faculty have the requirements they do, but students do not" (85).

And faculty, it is your job to make sure your students understand. It is not on the librarians, or the writing center tutor, so on to have to interpret the assignment for the students. Anyhow, what came to mind from the consult is making sure students know the stages of an assignment, what they need and when. Recently the student came to me with what seemed a vague topic: "I need peer reviewed articles on (insert pop culture topic here)." It initially sounded like that would not be possible as it sounded like just a popular topic. However, when the student came in for consultation, what they needed was some theoretical background and base to apply to said popular topic. Once we talked, I explained to the student the kind of sources needed and how to use them to make progress on the assignment. Some of that is stuff that as a librarian I can and do explain but part of it was also something the faculty member should have explained as part of their expectations: we have a theoretical frame in this class, and you are applying it to X topic, here is how you do it, and if you need materials on it, talk to your librarian. I will add that I was a school teacher as well as professor in a previous time, so doing a bit of extra teaching is fine by me, but I know not every librarian feels comfortable doing that. Granted, sending the student back the professor for clarification is an option,  but once in a while when the student says "the professor is not really that helpful," well, I try to do what I can to alleviate the student's needs and concerns. As I think about it, this kind of situation may be one to think about further, but that is another thought for another time. 

"We are a teaching university not a research university" (85).

The authors work in a teaching university (so this may not apply to you if you do work in a research university). For the most part, I have worked and taught in teaching colleges as well. As they point out, and I have learned over time, certain new faculty need a serious reminder of that idea that some institutions are primarily for teaching. As the authors state, and we also tell this to faculty here: 
 
"Our collection supports the curriculum of the university, not necessarily the research needs of faculty" (85).

This is something they need to hear and hear it often if you also work and teach in a teaching institution. For research support, you can always teach them about interlibrary loan. 

The article also provides some suggestions on better options for research and library assignments that you could suggest to your faculty. The idea is that we show faculty that yes, we do have student learning and pedagogy expertise. Just remember to keep things gentle so no faculty feathers get ruffled. 

The authors also advocate for us instruction librarians to write and articulate our teaching philosophy. I admit I did this, but it may be time to revisit the document and revise it and/or update it a bit. 
 
In addition, for a library instruction unit it is necessary to articulate, put it writing, the professional policies, in other words things that the unit may or not do, and get everyone on the same page. Articulate what you are willing to do or not, and be fair and consistent. This is about parameters and having healthy boundaries. If faculty push back, well, they need to learn about boundaries then. Rehearse your philosophy and policies so they become second nature when you need to discuss them. 

Citation for the article: 

Meulemans, Yvonne Nalani and Allison Carr, "Not At Your Service" Building Genuine Faculty-Librarian Partnerships." Reference Services Review 41.1 (2013): 80-90. 




Tuesday, August 10, 2021

In some library land fuckery for early August 2021

It is not often I just open the blog to post something right away, but I had to jump in to share this post from Librarian Shipwreck: "All grievances do, in fact, remain connected."
 
Most of the time I do my best to tune out the drama in library land because more often than not it can be either champagne problems or just petty, but this week upped the ante. We are getting some serious drama and fuckery going on in #libraries and librarianship in the past week or so. So just read the thing. I was not aware of the assholery of the American Historical Society, but I am not surprised. Our Special Collections and Archives here I am sure gets their share of ungrateful and inconsiderate prima donnas who could not care less who keels over as long as they get their precious archival materials. As the writer states, they need to learn that "there is no such thing as a bibliographic emergency. . .". The second story story about the Temple librarian I've spoken of here and there on social media.  
 
The blog post has some very good quotes, but this one really caught my eye as it is something I have pondered often (and I may have written about it on this blog but I honestly do not feel like looking it up now): 
 
"Here’s the commonality: library workers are expendable and we are not trusted. We serve and serve and serve, and when we burn out or just up and die, that’s acceptable and there’s always more cannon fodder to replace us — or maybe the positional will be cut and our overburdened coworkers will have to pick up the slack, because they are expendable, too. Despite what should be seen as a miraculous collective track record of service, we are not trusted to do our work without close oversight from administration, whether the question is remote work or sick time. The fact of being largely a female profession double all these things down, even as they are the general neoliberal worklife condition, and Blackness, queerness, disability and other intersections multiply it more for some of us. Even those closest to us professionally, historians, value their research more than our lives. We are not considered the experts on our own profession, not trusted or allowed autonomy over our work, a resource to be burnt to fuel PR campaigns and university rankings."
 
 

Monday, June 07, 2021

Short book review: Academic Library Services for First-Generation Students

Xan Arch and Isaac Gilman, Academic Services for First-Generation Students. Denver, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 2020.  ISBN: 9781440870170. 
 
Genre: nonfiction, library science
Subgenre: academic libraries, first-generation students, surveys and case studies, higher education
Format: trade paperback
Source: Interlibrary Loan via Hutchins Library, Berea College. Book came from Owensboro (KY) Community and Technical College Library.
 
Doing a short review as I ran out of time in reading it, and I rushed reading to the end. I borrowed this via Interlibrary Loan, and the lending library refused to renew it, so time is up and I have to return it. I borrowed this because in my library and college we have a big interest in first-generation students (as we do in all of our students of course). A lot of our student population are first-generation students, so I was hoping to find a few new things to learn about them and how libraries can help them better. I liked the book, but it was just not as helpful as I thought it would be for our situation. 

Let me make some quick notes for me to remember about the book: 

  • Book is arranged into seven chapters. First three chapters, which is almost half the book, is mostly the usual literature review and backgrounder material you usually get in a lot of the library literature. If you have kept up with these topics, then you have a pretty good idea of the basics the authors are presenting. On the other hand, if you need a quick primer on the condition of the literature and some key concepts, then this will do the job. It does refer to a good amount of the "we did good" kind of articles also common in the library literature. The rest of the book looks at the topics of library space, library instruction, outreach and partnerships, and path forward for academic libraries. Book also includes 2 appendices, which are basically survey instruments the authors used in their research. This can prove useful for folks trying to do similar research on their campuses. 
  • Each chapter has a list of reference notes at the end.
  • A big thesis of the book is that libraries, and their institutions, need to get away from seeing first-generation students as needing remediation and/or needing to adapt to whatever systems are in place. Instead, the institutions need to change and adapt for the skills and assets that these students bring. The institutions need to check their privilege and stop favoring the "usual" white middle class "typical" students. 
  • The book seems mainly geared to large universities and institutions. To be honest, I did not feel there was much for us in small colleges. 
  • As I read the book, given our college's mission and history, I feel that we already do a lot of what the authors are suggesting. While there is always room to improve, I can say overall we are in good shape when compared to some of those larger places out there. 
  • Four areas the authors say institutions need to work on/concentrate to make change: 
    • Affirming assets/belonging.
    • Support services/help seeking.
    • Pedagogy/curriculum.
    • Approaches to family. 
  •  In reading the chapter on student perceptions, where they surveyed high school college admission counselors, I felt as if those counselors had no idea what it is many modern academic libraries do or have been building up and doing. From their responses, some of those folks need to take a trip to some of their local colleges and universities and their libraries nearby. At least for us, a lot of the academic services they say we ought to have we already have. 
  • Do keep in mind this book and the activities described were pre-pandemic of COVID-19. I think it will be interesting to see how things adjust as we come back from that pandemic. 

Overall, this book is a good primer on the topic. If your library or institution needs to do serious work, this book will give you ways to get started on the work. On the other hand, if you are already doing the work, you may not find much here that is new to you. I liked it, and I would recommend it to folks needing to get a crash course on the topic or for administrators who may need a better understanding about how to serve first-generation students and how their campus libraries work. 

3 out of 5 stars.