Monday, May 23, 2022

Article Note: Suggesting librarians develop an information scientist identity

To be honest, this short piece is a lot of text to say very little. The author claims that new information demands and the Hard Time we live in, including the pandemic and the constant threat of misinformation and disinformation, necessitate that librarians shift their self-image and identity to that of information scientist. Librarians do have a niche, or I would say an advantage, in the ability and skill to provide the best possible information to our patrons. The author makes the suggestion for the new title basically because, according to what the author found in the literature, titles like "information scientist" and "information specialist" sound like they have more status, cachet if you will, than just the word "librarian." 

The rest of the article basically becomes yet another article about librarian insecurity about their title, what librarians do, and how they do it. The author sees the "librarian" stereotype as a handicap, a liability. To be honest reminds of the Library 2.0 days when librarians all rushed to become 2.0 specialists in order to remain relevant, show they were useful, show they had skills, etc. We've moved on, the profession has survived, and the 2.0 movement is mostly a page in history by now. Adding a fancier title is not going to suddenly make faculty members, in the case of academia at least, actually pay attention to librarians if they were not doing it before. 

However, because again librarians are oh so insecure, while the author advocates librarians embracing the new title the author also cautions that "we do not want to alienate ourselves from them [the scientists] by claiming to have a role or job title which is not ours to claim." So which is it? Do we claim the title? Which by the way, given our strong skill sets I'd say it is one we can easily claim. Or do we not because heaven forbid we step on some toes? 

And while I am at it, I did not particularly appreciate the bit of condescension about librarians with humanities degrees and backgrounds suggesting we need to learn about science and how it works. Odds are good many of us in humanities have a fairly good understanding of science, how it works, and how policy makers mess it up more often than not. We are not science illiterate, so please keep your assumptions to yourself. 

Overall, as I said at the beginning, a lot of text that says very little. 

Citation for the article: 

Donna Ellen Frederick, "Why Librarians Need to Develop Their Information Scientist Identity in the Age of COVID." Library Hi Tech News, 2021. 


Monday, May 16, 2022

Article Note: On the question of "genuine" faculty-librarian partnerships

I read this article a while back, and I reread it in order to make this post. I usually print out articles to read so I can make notes as I read. I wrote a lot of notes on this one. Do note that this article came out way before the 2020 pandemic, although at least anecdotally, I can say that not much has changed since then. I am going to highlight a few quotes and make some notes of things I want to remember about this article and for later reference. Given some of the questions and issues I expressed when I read that article about workshop attendance recently, well, I will try not to be too pessimistic, but don't hold your breath on it.

Purpose of the article: 

"The purpose of this paper is to ask, how can librarians and faculty become genuine partners in student learning and move towards the common goal of getting students to think critically?"(80).

That is what I would call a Magnificent Question. 

"In this article, the authors argue that librarians must cease being at the service of faculty. That is, librarian need to declined the aforementioned types of requests, especially they are not in the best interests in students" (81).

An example of an aforementioned faculty request is the often annoying and ill informed request for "the library talk." The authors argue that librarians should say no to requests like these and try to engage the faculty in a more constructive conversation. If you are a librarian, try not to laugh here. I have said the above about saying no to certain requests from faculty a few times. Usually, the result is that my library bosses cringe, and then they say "we can't do that." To which I reply, "why not?" only to get the "because that is not good librarian ethic" or some other variant. Or more often than not librarians fall for one of these old lines:
 
 "But at least I get in front of the students.
I want the professor to know I can be helpful.
It's the students who will suffer if I don't do it.
Even if they get a little out of it, it's worth it.
Students will know that the library is a friendly place" (81).
 
 
 
I used to be comforted by the line of at least the students see me (or us), then I gained experience as I learned that without follow-up or additional services, the students just seeing us is pretty meaningless. As for the students suffering if you do not do it, that was often used by library administrators to guilt librarians into compliance without questioning. But heaven forbid you suggest something different to a stubborn faculty member, and deity help you if they complain to your boss that you won't do the "library talk" (and actually expect the faculty member to put in some effort to teach information literacy to their class). 
 
In a way, as vulgar as it may sound, librarians at times "whore ourselves" out to get some library instruction done. Though to be honest it is worse than that in our profession. The ladies of the night DO negotiate their services and state clearly what they will or not do, and if a client does not like it, no service is provided (but I digress).  When I read this article a while back, this thought came to mind, and as I reflect again on it I do not think things have changed that much. Librarian skills and techniques in library instruction have improved, technology has gotten better, and some things have gotten flashier, but we still get the "library talk" faculty. That remains a constant. 

"Educating a faculty member who is not aware of and not convinced that a different approach will benefit their students, can strike fear in the heart of even veterans of instruction. Furthermore, responding different than your colleagues could violate a set of accepted norms within a group of librarians at a university, which creates a problematic situation for librarians who are newer to the profession" (82). 

I recall earlier in my career a time in my career (before I came to my current workplace) where I suggested to other librarians that faculty needed to be educated. The other librarians pretty much looked at me like I was delusional, like "shut up, don't rock the boat." I have moved on since then, and I still do believe faculty DO need to be educated on how we can partner genuinely for student success. It is hard work, and it is often one faculty member at a time. If fortune favors you, that one faculty member can help you persuade and educate their peers. It is a given faculty members are a bit more open to listening to their colleagues. By the way, as I am reading the article and reflecting a bit, it is like the authors at times were reading my mind and they are saying things that do need to be said. 
 
Also, as the authors state, if we keep doing the bad requests, like the "library tour," it just encourages the faculty to keep making those bad requests. The challenge here is to find advocates for the librarians, say a supportive library administrator or again, a friendly faculty member who does see the value in a collaborative and genuine relationship and can speak to others on your behalf. What I have learned over time is that to make things work you have to build relationships, again, often one faculty member at a time. In previous workplaces, often those relationships began with adjunct faculty who tended to be more receptive to collaborations. While adjuncts are on the low end of the faculty pecking order, they often teach the essential gateway classes, and some of them do have relationships with the tenure line faculty, so there was another entry for building relationships with other faculty. To be honest, relationship building is another those things not taught in library school, or not taught very well at all if it is ever taught. I know I had to learn a lot of it by trial and error. 

The authors suggest that a way to change things is to change the conversation. For example, they suggest educating faculty on topics like "research assignments that work." Some of the points the authors reinforced include: 

"Students do not understand when you say 'do not use the internet.' Librarians see this time and again in the assignments of students who come in for help. Students think that this means they cannot use databases or the catalog to access the appropriate resources for their paper; while we understand that faculty want their students to use tools beyond Google tm. Faculty need to be clear in the requirements for sources" (84). 

To be honest, the "can't use the internet" has decreased dramatically since this article was published. We do not get much of that anymore, though once in a while you get the one old timer professor saying it, but it has become rare. What we do get, especially here, is the "you can't use reference books." For many faculty here, a reference book is not an option. We do teach students here how to use reference books as part of the research process, and if the faculty member does not relent, we just work around it. We get the students to use the reference book to get started on a topic, get some background, some keywords to use for later searching, and some basic citations for further reading, and we advise them not to cite the reference book in the paper. In other words, use a reference work as a tool to support your research, just not as one of your sources in the assignment. Same goes for Wikipedia, which is another thing professors forbid without thinking, but as the authors point out for Wikipedia, students can be more savvy about how to use it than faculty give them credit for. 

This next point reminds me of a recent research consult I had with a student. 

"Be explicit in your expectations. . . .Librarians may understand why faculty have the requirements they do, but students do not" (85).

And faculty, it is your job to make sure your students understand. It is not on the librarians, or the writing center tutor, so on to have to interpret the assignment for the students. Anyhow, what came to mind from the consult is making sure students know the stages of an assignment, what they need and when. Recently the student came to me with what seemed a vague topic: "I need peer reviewed articles on (insert pop culture topic here)." It initially sounded like that would not be possible as it sounded like just a popular topic. However, when the student came in for consultation, what they needed was some theoretical background and base to apply to said popular topic. Once we talked, I explained to the student the kind of sources needed and how to use them to make progress on the assignment. Some of that is stuff that as a librarian I can and do explain but part of it was also something the faculty member should have explained as part of their expectations: we have a theoretical frame in this class, and you are applying it to X topic, here is how you do it, and if you need materials on it, talk to your librarian. I will add that I was a school teacher as well as professor in a previous time, so doing a bit of extra teaching is fine by me, but I know not every librarian feels comfortable doing that. Granted, sending the student back the professor for clarification is an option,  but once in a while when the student says "the professor is not really that helpful," well, I try to do what I can to alleviate the student's needs and concerns. As I think about it, this kind of situation may be one to think about further, but that is another thought for another time. 

"We are a teaching university not a research university" (85).

The authors work in a teaching university (so this may not apply to you if you do work in a research university). For the most part, I have worked and taught in teaching colleges as well. As they point out, and I have learned over time, certain new faculty need a serious reminder of that idea that some institutions are primarily for teaching. As the authors state, and we also tell this to faculty here: 
 
"Our collection supports the curriculum of the university, not necessarily the research needs of faculty" (85).

This is something they need to hear and hear it often if you also work and teach in a teaching institution. For research support, you can always teach them about interlibrary loan. 

The article also provides some suggestions on better options for research and library assignments that you could suggest to your faculty. The idea is that we show faculty that yes, we do have student learning and pedagogy expertise. Just remember to keep things gentle so no faculty feathers get ruffled. 

The authors also advocate for us instruction librarians to write and articulate our teaching philosophy. I admit I did this, but it may be time to revisit the document and revise it and/or update it a bit. 
 
In addition, for a library instruction unit it is necessary to articulate, put it writing, the professional policies, in other words things that the unit may or not do, and get everyone on the same page. Articulate what you are willing to do or not, and be fair and consistent. This is about parameters and having healthy boundaries. If faculty push back, well, they need to learn about boundaries then. Rehearse your philosophy and policies so they become second nature when you need to discuss them. 

Citation for the article: 

Meulemans, Yvonne Nalani and Allison Carr, "Not At Your Service" Building Genuine Faculty-Librarian Partnerships." Reference Services Review 41.1 (2013): 80-90. 




Monday, May 09, 2022

Article Note: On library workshop attendance

The library here offers a series of optional workshops as a part of our Information Literacy Assessment Program. In a nutshell, incoming freshmen take an information literacy skills assessment. If they successfully pass it, they are deemed proficient. If they do not, in order to bring their skills up to speed they have the option to attend a series of workshops at the library with one of the instruction librarians. To close the loop, the first years students are reassessed via survey at end of their first year. We've been doing this for a few years now. The pandemic did have an impact on the process, but even before then attendance was an issue. So when I saw this article I wanted to see if the authors had anything new to offer that we could learn and more importantly not say anything that we already knew and/or tried out. For this post, I am going to summarize and highlight parts of the article and then comment, in part to see where things may apply to us or not. A challenge for me writing about this is that, well, to be honest, there may be details I cannot (or should not) disclose for reasons ranging from I should not dig into specifics to not attracting undesired attention. Still, writing about this for me serves as a bit of a reflective exercise as the instruction team here will likely be evaluating the program this summer for sustainability and future planning.

The article is based on a survey of 161 workshop providers that provide academic support workshops (as I understand it, can include library workshops) in Canada and the United States. They are attempting to answer the questions on attendance by looking at workshops themselves given that, as they point out, students often do not behave according to their stated preferences, and if librarians had the answer, they would not be struggling with the issue (115). They examined 10 variables: 

  • Topic
  • Month
  • Time
  • Duration
  • Advertising
  • Location
  • Target audience
  • Series status
  • Buy-in
  • Incentives
A big challenge: 
 
"In some cases, attendance rates may decline after a period of relative success. In other cases, attendance is a challenge from the first time a workshop is offered" (113). 
 
In our case, we had both challenges. We had some initial success in the first three years, and then the decline in attendance just took a dive and has kept going down. We went with making the workshops optional, and over time that has been a challenge as students mostly ignore the process, and there is low faculty buy-in (despite the fact they give plenty of lip service to the importance of information literacy and their students developing good research skills, but I digress at the moment). 

By now, one would think this is common knowledge, but it is not, and it is something we often have to keep reinforcing to try to get faculty buy-in: 

"Regardless of selection biases, mandatory vs. optional workshops, and the specifics of outcome type, it is clear from the literature that exposure to information literacy instruction is strongly correlated with improved student outcomes" (114). 

I should add at this point that a big reason we implemented the workshops program is faculty in the first year classes were not too keen on bringing their classes in for library instruction. At the college here at the time, it was an "expectation" those first year classes would bring their classes in for a library instruction session to the library; note that "expectation" did not mean requirement, and many faculty chose to just not do it. This is the very common situation of "we do not want to give up class time for [something that may be important] because it is our class time." So doing outside of class workshops, in addition to giving students a degree of choice, was for their convenience, they did not have to give up their time. 

So, what ended up happening is that making it optional meant students, instead of taking some initiative to improve their skills, which is what we had hoped, just chose to take that initiative to ignore the process instead. This was similar to what the authors of the article point out: 

"The unfortunate fact of the matter is that students simply do not show up to optional workshops in any significant numbers. Even when the pressure is on, and students are tested on a skill by their course instructors and know they need to develop it, attendance rates even at targeted sessions remain low" (114). 

Among the variables they list, time is one we can measure to an extent. Through the Springshare platform we use, we can see which workshop times are best attended; this is the same for research consult appointments by the way. However, even planning for that has not really helped the attendance issue. 

The authors defined "workshop success" as a workshop that had 5 or more attendees (116). This would be in line for us since our workshops are capped at 5 students. The reason we did that was to allow the librarians to have close contact with the students as well as make the workshops more interactive. Unfortunately, even getting those 5 has proven a significant challenge for us. As for duration, our workshops would run 20 to 25 minutes give or take, including a short quiz/assessment at end of the session. 

Prior to the pandemic, workshops were done in the library. When the pandemic hit, we moved them to an online asynchronous modules program, but that would be another story to consider later. Anecdotally, attendance was not any better when they had an online option. 
 
What the authors found: 
 
"Of the factors evaluated in this study, only four were found to significantly impact workshop success: topic, session location, advertising type, and target audience. Topics that were highly targeted like course/assignment-specific workshops, and 'other' topics (which included such topics as paleography, GIS software, civil discourse and misinformation, research poster design, and academic technologies) were more likely to be successful than broader topics that might have benefited a larger number of students" (120). 

Our workshops would fall under course and assignment-specific as they are tied in to first year classes in general studies. We even mapped their learning outcomes to our information literacy outcomes. 

Another finding: 

"Sessions hosted in faculty/department buildings were preferred over those hosted in the library" (120). 

To be honest, I am not sure hosting workshops in department buildings would have made much a difference here. Given also that we hosted workshops outside of regular hours (again, to make them accessible), that would have meant being unable to use department buildings that are locked after hours (and that was before the pandemic. During the height of COVID, campus was under full lockdown with restricted ID access). 

Finding: 

"Specially targeted advertising that was delivered directly to the student and did not rely on student noticing it somewhere (be it digital or print) also correlated with workshop success, as was the targeting of a specific audience" (120). 

We did that. For advertising, a letter via e-mail came via one of the dean's to the students, so it came from an administrator. What we found over time is students just tune out almost anything coming out of the administration's offices. Only things they tend to pay attention via e-mail is anything related to financial aid, their accounts, class registrations, and emergency alerts; this according to students we've talked to. In addition though, we would visit their classrooms and deliver the information to them in person. That still did not get their attention. We were as targeted as we could be. 

Overall, the article did not tell me anything new or different from our experience. Their four key things at the end of the article were things that we already were doing. Keep in mind much of this was applicable prior to the pandemic. We did our best to adapt to it with online options, but the pandemic still made things more difficult. In the end, at least we got to see that we are not the only ones struggling with these issues.

Citation for the article: 

Witherspoon, Richelle L. and Philip O.L. Taber, "Increasing Student Attendance at Library Workshops: What the Data Tells Us." College and Research Libraries (January 2021): 113-128.




Monday, May 02, 2022

Book Review: The Library: a Fragile History

Andrew Pettegree and Arthur der Weduwen, The Library: a Fragile History. New York: Basic Books, 2021. ISBN: 9781541600775.
 
Genre: libraries
Subgenre: history, world history
Format: hardcover
Source: Hutchins Library, Berea College  

 
On reading this book, I was reminded that while Americans today have very romantic views of libraries, in reality much of their "support" for them is barely words. As others have said, public libraries would not likely be created today given Americans' complete disregard for the idea of a common good. But I am getting a bit ahead of myself. Let's look at the book. 

This book aims to be a history of libraries from antiquity to the modern era. It is not just about libraries. It is also about books, collectors, book sellers, a lot of wealthy people, and folks who had the title of librarian, whether they deserved it or not. The book is also about defining what a library is, the idea and concept of a library. In this history, the authors strive to show and document how libraries were conceived and how they evolved over time. 

The book is arranged in six major parts, and it has three chapters per part. We also get a prologue, a postscript, notes, and a bibliography. 

This is a very ambitious book. The history takes us from ancient times through today. Along the way we learn about Roman libraries, which were mainly vanity projects for some wealthy folks. We go through the Middle Ages, monasticism, the Renaissance, the invention of printing, and a lot more. Though the book is very much Western centered, we do get nods and acknowledgement of libraries and book collections in other parts of the world. 

The book's most interesting parts are the older history. The authors pay a lot of attention to details, and you do get a good amount of depth. The story is interesting, more so if you are a bibliophile. However, the text at times can be a bit dense. This is not a book to rush through. 

A big takeaway from the book is that libraries have not really been "communal" spaces or assets. More often than not they are very dependent on the largesse of the rich, and even  then most libraries were not open to the general public. The idea of public libraries as we know them today took a very long time to evolve and mature. Even today where the idea is in place, public libraries as we known them are still in danger. The dependence on certain interests also means that libraries and librarians have not always been virtuous, to put it mildly. Librarians have often been heroes as well as villains in this history. 

Overall, this is an interesting but also dense book. Some chapters can be a bit slow. It is an ambitious work that strives to cover a lot of ground, and it does so in a relatively coherent way. This is a very good selection for academic libraries, and it is a must have for LIS academic programs. It may be a good selection for public libraries for their history readers, especially if they enjoy Western and world history overviews. In the end, I really liked this one. 

4 out of 5 stars

* * * * * 

Additional reading notes: 
 
The uncomfortable truth of libraries over the ages: 
 
"What Naudé did not discuss in his writings was the uncomfortable truth of libraries throughout the ages: no society has ever been satisfied with the collections inherited from previous generations. What we will frequently see in this book is not so much the apparently wanton destruction of beautiful artifacts so lamented by previous studies of library history but neglect and redundancy, as books and collections that represented the values and interests of one generation fail to speak to the one that follows. The fate of many collections was to degrade in abandoned attics and ruined buildings, even if only as prelude to renewal and rebirth in the most unexpected places" (2). 
 
For all the bitching and moaning certain people, usually the clueless, do, there are solid reasons why libraries need to be properly weeded on a regular basis. 
 
Some important principles about libraries, still of value today, from monastic medieval libraries: 
 
". . .the library as a sanctuary and storehouse of culture; the fixity of stock; the role of the Christian Church in the recovery of the antique; the library as a place of work and silent contemplation. All this was distinctly uncongenial to the Young Turks of the early Renaissance, impatient and urbane, looking for personal advancement in the glittering new courts of the Italian city-states and the emerging monarchies" (50-51). 
 
Interesting how things never change as we have Young Turks in librarianship today, often impatient and urbane, looking for advancement by denigrating libraries in favor of things like flashy, but not always long term reliable, technology, community centers without books, and iSchools. 
 
Again, on libraries from one generation to the next: 
 
"One man's passion project would be nothing but a burden to those to whom the responsibility was passed on" (100). 
 
An essential problem of book collecting from Alexandria to today. This can also be applicable to other collector hobbies: 
 
". . .no one cares about a library collection as much as the person who has assembled it. Only the library's creator records the place of a fortuitous purchase, the identity of kind donors, or remembers how a particular text changed their lives or opinions. Only they experienced the joy of tracking down a long-desired edition and the network of friends that helped in the quest" (140). 
 
Notice the above assumes that the books, some at least, may have some monetary value. We need to be honest here, so I am going to break it to you: most books people "collect" have no monetary value other than what the collector paid, and that is likely to decrease to zero value over time. This is yet another reason libraries do NOT want your old encyclopedias, National Geographics, etc. Your "donation" is nothing more than junk, junk that libraries will end up turning around and tossing in the dumpster. An actual antiquarian book collector more likely has a plan in place for their collection in the future. As for the rest of you, here is the reality:
 
"Collectors always find it difficult to conceive that what they have created, at great expense and effort, may hold little value to others" (191). 
 
Libraries weaponized, as agents of conflict: 
 
"At the same time, both within Europe and throughout its new acquired colonies, books and libraries have frequently been the advanced guard in campaigns to impose on a population a new kind of society, promote a new religion, or win back territory lost to a rival ideology. These libraries were ideological weapons with a specific mission: boldly planted in hostile or (from the view of colonisers)  uncharted territory, libraries became intellectual castles and fortresses, and an encapsulation of the values of the settlers who had crossed the seas to seize and subdue" (161).
 
ALA's less than lackluster record on important issues: 
 
"The issue of segregation in the American South posed the greatest challenge to the American Library Association, and one it conspicuously failed to meet" (387).
 
Some titles from the bibliography I may want to read (in no particular order). Book links to WorldCat record unless noted otherwise: